Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measures the amount of oxygen needed to oxidise substances in wastewater. In a precious-metals recovery plant, that load can come…
Acidless separation changes the way precious metals can be recovered from electronic waste and WEEE, reducing reliance on conventional acid-based refining. It…
Mobile phones contain small quantities of valuable metals in many different parts, including circuit boards, connectors, cameras, speakers, and microphone…
Grinding is an important step in preparing electronic waste and WEEE for material recovery. It liberates metal-bearing particles from printed circuit boards,…
Electronic waste contains valuable metals in a difficult physical form. Copper, gold, silver, palladium and other elements may be locked inside brominated…
Lithium-ion battery recycling produces black mass, a finely divided material created after batteries are discharged, dismantled, shredded, and separated into…
Photographic processing has declined in many markets, but laboratories, hospitals, film archives, printing facilities, and industrial imaging operations still…
A 500-kg ALS2 batch provides a useful scale for understanding the operating economics of acidless precious-metals recovery. At this volume, costs are large…
Precious-metals recovery from electronic waste depends on reliable movement of solids, liquids, and concentrated process streams. In an ALS2 plant, pumps and…